Background: cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in the world and mutation has an important role in etiology of cancer (approximately 90% of mutagens are carcinogen). Therefore Lab assistances that are working with mutagenic agents such as: Benzene, Xylazine and Formaldehyde for long period of time may be exposed to overload of these carcinogens. In Previous study, Muatgenicity test on urine sample of laboratory pathology technician of Tehran university medical sciences determined mutagenic agent’s activity. In regards to results, Mutagenicity ASSAY was considered on forensic medicine laboratory of Tehran.Methods: Urine samples were collected at the end of the work shift and then were extracted by c18 column for the maximum concentration of pollutants. Then extracts were tested by TA100 and TA98 standard strains as well both with and without metabolic activator.Results: Levels of toxicity and mutagen city were detected by TA98 strain with activator in two personnel of pathology lab.Conclusion: Our result shows that forensic medicine pathology lab. worker have the same risk of cancer as the TUMS pathology lab. personals. I loecause smoking and other confounding factories not recorder false positive result is probably disregarded in this study.

Background: Cancer prevention besides detection and treatment has a very important role in control of cancer disease. Since some chemical compounds that are used in laboratories, especially in pathology laboratory are potentially mutagens, lab assistance that are working with chemical as Benzene, Xylazine and Formaldehyde for long period of time may be exposed to overload of these carcinogens. Therefore, it is necessary to use an indicator for detecting these occupational exposures. AMES test has been recommended in biomonitoring of environment that has high risk carcinogenicity characteristic.Methods: A total of fifty seven urine samples of forensic medicine laboratory personnel’s were extracted by C18 column and then tested by TA100 and TA98 standard strains of AMES ASSAY. Each sample was analyzed with and without activator to detect mutagen and promutagen materials.Results: Levels of mutagenicity were found by TA98 strain without activator in one case as well as with activator in two cases of urine sample of pathology laboratory personnel’s. These cases were working in laboratory for long time in all of the workdays.Canclusion: Personnel’s working in pathology laboratories may have greater risk of cancer and should be take care from these occupational exposures.

Introduction and objectives: The high quality and saniety of ingredients as well as what we use daily are very important. The necessity of analysis the polytetrafluoroethylene composition, lead us to start this research. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate mutagenicity and carcinogenicity effect of the compositions.Material and Methods: The method is based on AMES test applying Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98 which received directly from Professor AMES. In the first stage, these strains for property purity of mutation were confirmed. Then, polytetrafluoroethylene compositions have been added separately to minimal agar medium contain fresh overnight culture (TA100, TA98) and compared to positive control (index of mutagen sodium azide and bacteria) and negative control (index of distilled water and bacteria). In the following stage rat liver tissues microsmes produced under sterile condition had been added separately to minimal agar medium with polytetrafluoroethylene compositions and it was measured reverse colonies number in negative and positive control and sample with Teflon composition at the present rat liver microsome.Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that wigan material used in fixed Teflon in mutation test, have a significant differences between tested strains (p<0/05). his sample in 0/1 dilution showed the most mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Thus, this results showed wigan material with %99 significant in 0/1 dilution have possessing mutation. Nowadays, importance of liver enzymes illustrated in carcinogen metabolism and cytocrome P450 is agent of it. This enzyme is important catalit in activation of material carcinogen. Finally, Teflon derived material have possessing carcinogenic Conclusion: This critical case makes us have more care and control on the mechanism of polytetrafluoroethylene compositions production and use.

Inroduction & Objective: Deaths from cancer are rising in many countries. Oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali are anti-cancer drugs، the consumption of beneficial effects on the health of the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-cancer، anti-mutation and oxali Paldyvm and palladium nano is oxali materials and ways. Material and Method: In this study، oxali palladium and palladium nanoparticles synthesized oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were used to. Anti-mutagenicity test was performed according to the AMES test. After comparing test results between samples tested positive control (sodium azide) and negative control (distilled water) was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: Anti-mutation effect was observed in both the tested materials. Oxali contain mutations in 83% of palladium and palladium nano oxali was 77. The percentage of inhibition of mutant rat liver microsomes in between the tested materials in emergency situations to the absence of microsomes were not significantly different (P <0. 05). Conclusions: Both of oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were high.

Some chemicals used by human such as food additives are mutagenic and mutagenicity effects analysis of them is very important because of considerable consumption by man. One of the most common methods used in the recognition of the chemicals' mutagenicity is Salmonella Typhimurium Reverse Mutation (AMES) test. The purpose of the present study is mutagenicity effects analysis of sodium nitrite, boric acid and various kinds of borax. Bacterial strains in this study are TA98 and TA100 which are derived from Salmonella Typhimurium by creation of several mutations in Histidin operon and their dependency on this chemical; also, by creation of rfa and UVrB mutations and pKM101 plasmid addition. Sodium nitrite, boric acid and three kinds of borax were selected for the test and various dilutions of them were provided. Performing AMES test, revertant colonies average of TA98 and TA100 strains were calculated for each dilution separately as the result of the above chemicals' function; then, according to the achieved A value, dose-response curve was depicted. The results of present study demonstrate non-mutagenic effects of sodium nitrite, boric acid and three kinds of borax through AMES test, by TA98 and TA100 strains. According to the wide consumption of these food additives in food industry, analysis of their mutagenic effects is very important and we suggest more investigation using different test to approve the results.

The problem of the self constitutes a very delicate question in anthropology. Here only one of its aspects is taken into consideration: how did Mazdaeism think the self, the internal person? One text of Darius the first, DNb, gives some clues; the human being is caracterized by physical and mental instruments and organs whose center and hart consist in the "Thought". It is possible to consider that "Thought" corresponds to what we call the self.The self, the hard-core of every human being, is not homogenous, because inside of it resides the Anger, as inside of the body resides Panic, the terror in front of death. The Ahurian creation has actually been infested by the demoniac one; then, everybody, including the Great King, bears inside of him/her Anger and Panic, everybody is at the same time informed by life and by death.A rough comparison with the three souls of mazdeism (fravashi, ruvân and daênâ) shows that the same structure had informed both the theory of the souls and the description of the human Self.In conclusion, the mazdean subject could not exist as an entire entity on the earth without the intervention of Ahura Mazdâ. He really became him/herself after death, when united with his/her immortal soul and in presence of Ahura Mazdâ.

Background and purpose: Nowadays, food flavorings are widely used in Iran in different food and beverage items without considering their potential threats. This research aimed at investigating directed mutagenesis caused by flavorings using the AMES Test. Materials and methods: Direct mutagenesis of five artificial food flavorings (vanilla, banana, orange, coconut, and lemon), from three different brands, was investigated using salmonella typhimurium microbial strains TA98 and TA100, all of which carrying selective mutation in histidine operon in form of (His-). After confirmatory tests of the strains, they were cultured on glucose minimal agar in presence of different concentrations of the flavors. After 48-72 hours of incubation at 37oC, in case of flavor mutagenicity and reverse mutation in the histidine operon, the colonies observed were counted. Results: Direct mutagenesis of the flavors was investigated in three consecutive runs of three different concentrations. According to the results, the number of colony count in each concentration did not exceed twice the number of negative control colony count, which was the mutagenic criterion in this test. Conclusion: According to the results, no sign of direct mutation in form of base-pair substitution or Frame Shift mutation was observed among the specimens’ DNA in different concentrations of flavorings.

Introduction: With increasing development of technology and use of different types of fuels, environmental pollutants are increasing more and more in volume. Air pollution is an important issue with regard to its role in affecting human population health and especially the children. Studies in other countries have shown that the exhaust particles resulting from gasoline and diesel motors contain large amounts of mutagens and carcinogens including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).Methods: There are different methods for mutagenesis assessment of PAHs and other organic substances available in air pollutants among which the "AMES" method is the easiest, fastest, and the most cost-effective one. This method has been introduced by Dr. Bruce N. AMES in 1967. The AMES method uses different strains of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, which are genetically manipulated so that they can not grow in media without histidin. These bacterial strains are cultivated in histidin-free media and the substance, whose mutagenicity is under investigation, is also added to the medium. If the substance is mutagen, the bacteria will transform to mutant strains and will be able to synthesize histidin and therefore will begin to grow. Investigations with the AMES method have shown that 83% of substances which are identified as mutagen with this method are carcinogen. We applied this method in the current study. Seventy six ambient air samples were collected on fiberglass filters using a "High Volume Sampler Set" during the spring, summer, and fall. The organic substances of the samples were extracted by dichloromethane and Soxhlet. The bacterial Strains (TA98 & TA100) were provided by the courtesy of Dr. AMES  from the United States upon our contact with him and genotypes of the bacteria were confirmed using the pertinent ASSAY methods. The extracted samples were assessed with the AMES method at three different concentrations of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2mg of dry material per 100 ml solvent. One-way analysis of variance and Post Hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The results indicated the presence of mutagenic substances in Tehran's air pollutants. Findings from TA98 and TA100 strains demonstrated that the mutagenicity ratios of the organic substances had significant differences with the critical value of two, for concentrations of 1.6 and 3.2 mg/100ml. The mutagenicity ratios calculated for samples collected in spring, summer, and autumn did not have any significant difference with each other at the three tested concentrations. Also the mean colony counts did not demonstrate any significant difference in the mentioned seasons and at the three concentrations, but the colony counts were lower than the colony counts of the negative control group at the three concentrations (P value=0.001).Conclusion: Comparison of our results with those form studies in other countries shows that the mutagenesis rates of Tehran's air pollutants are more than the similar rates in other countries in some cases. This is alarming for the authorities in order to do more efforts for decreasing the air pollution, especially in Tehran.